This study examines the impact of critical infrastructure development on supply chain optimisation in Kenya, with a focus on transport, energy, and ICT systems. Using a mixed-methods design, the research combined secondary data from the World Bank, the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, and the Ministry of Transport with 25 semi-structured interviews conducted across agriculture, manufacturing, and retail sectors. Quantitative analysis shows that between 2016 and 2023, Kenya’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI) infrastructure score improved by 13.6%, average cargo dwell time at the Port of Mombasa fell by 57.1%, and the paved road network expanded by 52.7%. Qualitative findings reveal that while flagship projects such as the Standard Gauge Railway and rural feeder road upgrades reduced logistics costs and improved delivery predictability, persistent challenges remain in last-mile connectivity, power reliability, and ICT integration—particularly in rural and informal sectors. The study concludes that infrastructure development has enhanced efficiency and resilience in Kenya’s supply chains but with uneven sectoral and regional outcomes. Policy recommendations emphasise inclusive infrastructure planning, digital logistics integration, and climate-resilient investments to ensure that future infrastructure projects deliver equitable and sustainable supply chain transformations.
Keywords: Infrastructure Development, Supply Chain Optimisation, Kenya, Logistics Performance, Economic Growth